Istanbul is a Famous Historical place known as Byzantium and Constantinople. It is the largest city in Turkey with a population of 13.1 million, which is 17.8% of Turkey's population. Istanbul is also a megacity, as well as the cultural, economic, and financial centre of Turkey. The city covers 39 districts of the Istanbul province. It is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encompasses the natural harbor known as the Golden Horn, in the northwest of the country. It extends both on the European and on the Asian sides of the Bosphorus, and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents. Istanbul is a designated alpha world city.
During its long history, Istanbul has served as the capital of the Roman Empire (330–395), the Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). When the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, Ankara, which had previously served as the headquarters of the Turkish national movement during the Turkish War of Independence, was chosen as the new Turkish State's capital. Istanbul was chosen as a joint European Capital of Culture for 2010 and the European Capital of Sports for 2012. The historic areas of the city were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.
Istanbul has a Mediterranean climate according to the Koppen climate classification system, although its climate becomes more oceanic toward the north. In summer the weather in Istanbul is hot and humid, with the temperature in July and August averaging 23 °C (73 °F). Early Byzantine architecture followed the classical Roman model of domes and arches, but further improved these architectural concepts, as in the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus. The oldest surviving Byzantine church in Istanbul is the Stoudios Monastery, Still, the pinnacle of Byzantine architecture, and one of Istanbul's most iconic structures, is the Hagia Sophia. Topped by a dome 31 meters (102 ft) in diameter, the Hagia Sofia stood as the largest cathedral for more than a thousand years, before being converted into a mosque and now a museum.
The museums of Istanbul provide an array of information about the city, covering topics such as history, archaeology and noteworthy individuals, such as Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who founded the modern day Republic of Turkey and was the very first president. Both the Archaeology Museum and the Museum of Turkish Carpets stand out, while for some serious art appreciation, galleries such as the museums of Fine Arts and Modern Art are on hand. Tourists considering a day trip or two will find much to choose from close to Istanbul. The waterfront town of Eceabat is a popular destination, as is the very scenic Gallipoli Peninsula, home of some important WWI battlefields. Also close to Istanbul are the ancient remains of Troy, which are now a World Heritage Site and more than 5,000 years old, being perhaps best known for its Trojan War and 'Wooden Horse' legend? Interestingly, the harbour town of Canakkale actually proudly displays the actual giant wooden horse that recently starred in the Hollywood movie entitled simply Troy.
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